It is a remarkably adaptable natural resource. It is inexpensive, maintenance free and supplied in an astonishing variety of colors, shapes and sizes. Gravels are adaptable to almost any project-a driveway, embellishing or functional feature, a drainage course or a path-and by choosing the right type of gravel you can make sure your landscape will stay looking good for a lot longer, without the regular refurbishment that seems to blight so many similar undertakings.
In this article we take a look at the different types of gravel, direct you to the perfect selection and discuss what you should consider when you buy.
Why Gravel Is a Landscaping Favourite?
There are several advantages of using gravel as a landscaping material. It is well-drained so there is less of a chance of waterlogging and overflow after a shower. It is fairly easy to maintain in comparison to grass or flower beds, and can be laid quickly and easily with minimal machinery.
Can be used in a variety of different environments from contemporary designer gardens to more traditional country properties.
Its natural properties mean it ages beautifully and fits sympathetically with the natural elements of water, plants, stone and timber.
Understanding Gravel Sizes
The second most important factor to take into account when selecting a gravel is the size of the particles within the gravel. They will usually be classified by size and this is probably the greatest indicator as to how the gravel will perform. Smaller stones, 2-5mm will provide a smooth even surface which you will be able to walk on with ease! Ideal for paths or the space around seats.
Medium gravel, (around 5-10mm) is a flexible material that can be used as a wide variety of things, although it is most commonly used as a general ground covering, a driveway or as a border, as it can be easily compacted, but still let the water drain.
Much larger stones (10-20mm or more) are more suitable for a drainage layer, French drains or hard standing areas where a hard surface is required to enable access for vehicles or heavy foot traffic. Generally, it can be said that the smaller particles will provide a more refined and smoother appearance and feel, but the larger particles will be more durable and will allow better water-flow.
Matching Gravel Type to Your Project
Driveways
When using Driveways you will need gravel that will bind tightly and will not form ruts when driven on. Angular crushed rock such as crushed granite or blue metal will bind much better than the smooth rounded river pebbles that will move about and scatter. Usually a coarser textured gravel layer for strength with a finer more decorative top layer is the preferred finish.
Pathways
For garden paths comfort and appearance will generally be of more concern than strength of load carrying. Small rounded gravels such as pea gravel are comfortable under foot and the rounded soft appearance looks suitably informal. If the path will regularly be used by wheel barrows or regular foot traffic then a coarser angular gravel will hold its shape better and prevent migration into the borders.
Drainage Solutions
Drainage (French drain, sub-base etc). Clean washed gravel with little or no fines/dust is best. The larger angular stones permit water to pass between them more readily than smaller, rounded particles.
This results in increased void space and less of a risk of long term blockages forming.
It is worth paying the premium for washed aggregate in such circumstances. More gritty/dirty aggregates tend to block drainage courses up.
Decorative Garden Beds
If the purpose of the gravel is purely for decorative effects- between plants or in ornamental beds- then colour and texture are your main priorities. Options range from blindingly white marble chips, warm orange scoria, jet black basalt, multi-coloured river stones or a mix of all. White stones light up shaded areas and keep the heat out of plant roots while heavier darker colours will contrast more with the greenery and suppress weeds.
Crushed Rock vs River Pebbles
The initial decision you need to make on any gravel project is whether to use angular crushed rock or rounded river pebbles. Crushed rock is very sharp and angular, with hundreds of edges which bite into each other on compaction. It is, therefore, the most suitable for driveways, high foot or vehicular traffic and anywhere else where a strong stable structure is needed.
River pebbles are naturally rounded and smoothed, more attractive than angular stone but less stable when run over (they are more likely to roll and spread).
Designed to be used in a decorative capacity only, they do not take heavy foot traffic, they are more for water features or as a paving material between other types of paving, rather than a primary surface.
Colour and Aesthetic Considerations
When choosing a colour of gravel you will need to consider the colour of your home's exterior and other hardscaping you might have as well as the look and feel you want to create. If you have a mediterranean or rustic style garden you will want to consider warm colours, such as tan, golds and terracotta and if you have a contemporary style then cool whites and greys are ideal. Try out a small sample in the space and view it in different conditions (sun and shade) as gravel can look very different.
Practical Tips Before You Buy
Work out volume correctly: do not get your measurement wrong by trying to work out too shallow or too deep by taking the length, width and depth of the area (50-75mm for paths, 75-100mm for driveways).
Use edging. Edging made from timber, steel or stone will contain the gravel and stop it spilling onto lawns or beds.
Get the base ready. A hard core sub-base along with a weed matting layer should be used in order to extend the life of your gravel surface and keep weeds down.
Consider the logistics on delivery. Large quantities of gravel are fairly heavy, and if access is not straightforward this may impact on the method of delivery and tipping location so plan this in advance.
Getting Your Gravel Delivered
Once you know the right type, size and colour of gravel for your needs, the next step is to make sure it gets delivered in plenty of time. For the most part, bulk quantities of gravel aren't the easiest materials to transport in a small vehicle and so calling in a reputable haulage company with the right truck to deliver the right quantity could be crucial. Consideration should also be given to the delivery needs for larger landscaping jobs that may require several loads or limited access.
Final Thoughts
The properties of the gravel and its use should be taken into account when choosing: compaction and strength for a driveway; a comfortable, soft surface for a walkway; clean drainage stone for water sensitive areas or colour when selecting a feature. Planning is everything; choosing the appropriate size, shape and colour before buying will reduce waste and save you time and money, not to mention providing you with a long-lasting feature in your garden. For bulk supplies of gravel and professional transport to your jobsite, get in touch with a local supplier.
Frequently Asked Questions
What size gravel is best for a driveway?
For use as a driveway, a medium to large angular gravel such as 10-20mm will settle well, is unlikely to rut with vehicles and provide a firm foundation.
Should I use crushed rock or river pebbles?
Use crushed rock as a driveway or in areas of high traffic as it binds well. River pebbles are suitable for display areas that are not frequented much as they are smooth and round.
How deep should gravel be laid?
For pathways lay 50-75mm depth of gravel, for driveways 75-100mm. Should be laid on a firm and load bearing base.
Does gravel help with drainage?
Yes, the gravel will drain naturally (if pre-sieved). For a forced drainage system, you need clean washed and coarser angular gravel as dust will tend to clog up and reduce the flow of water.
How do I stop gravel from spreading?
Border (timber, steel, stone) around top of gravel. This will contain the material back and stop it slipping onto lawns or garden beds.
